加强我国民用核材料安全监管的独立性

摘要

目前我国民用核材料安全监管尚没有国家法律的规定，现行有效的核材料管制行政法规是国务院颁布的核材料管制条例。本研究主要从我国核材料管制法规体系的现状、核安全监管独立性在民用核材料管制中的具体体现以及加强核与辐射安全监管独立性等方面进行了深入调研。调研结果表明，在我国民用核材料管制体系中，存在现有核材料许可证颁发没有结合核材料利用过程中的职业和公众的辐射安全、核燃料循环设施的行业主管具有民用核材料安全监管的职能、核材料安全监管职能部门之间存在一定的重复现象等问题。研究也给出了加强核安全监管独立性的必要性，并提出了实施独立性安全监管需要政府部门做出统筹计划和有效实施的建议。%There are still no effective laws for nuclear material supervision in China;thecurrent regulation for nuclear material supervision is Nuclear Material Control Regulation issued by the State Council� They are thoroughlyresearchedtoto the current situation of legal system about nuclear material control in China, nuclear safety regulatory independencein civil nuclear material control and the necessity to enhance the in⁃dependence of nuclear and radiation safety regulation� The Tresearchshows that some problems exist in civil nuclear material control system in China, the current issuing conditions of Nuclear Material License is imperfect; Departmentof Nuclear Industry also performs the function of supervision;different nuclear ma⁃terial safety regulatory departments perform the same responsibility� This paper also emphasizes thatthe in⁃dependence of regulating nuclear safetyis necessary, andindependent supervision of nuclear safetyshould be arranged bythe government effectively.