我国卫生资源人口分布的公平性评价--基于洛伦兹曲线与基尼系数分析

摘要

目的：对中国东中西部地区及各省(直辖市、自治区)人均卫生资源配置的均衡性和公平性进行评价，为卫生资源的优化配置提供依据.方法：采用统计描述、洛伦兹曲线(Lorenz curve)和基尼系数(Gini coefficient)等方法，从我国各省(直辖市、自治区)人口分布角度，分析卫生机构数、床位数、卫生技术人员数等指标的均衡性和公平性.各省份的人口数、卫生机构数、床位数、卫生技术人员数等数据均来自于国家统计局和国家卫生部2011年度的统计年鉴报告.结果：东部地区的卫生资源拥有量是中部地区的1~1.5倍以上，是西部地区的1.3~1.7倍；全国各省份卫生资源的基尼系数均在0.3以内；卫生机构配置的公平程度低于床位和卫生技术人员配置.结论：我国各省份之间卫生资源配置不均衡，但主要卫生资源人口分布较为公平；我国卫生资源配置重点不再是解决人口拥有量的问题，而是要注重优化卫生资源结构，增进卫生资源效率，提高卫生服务质量.%Objective:To appraise the equity of health resources allocation among different provinces and the different regions (eastern, middle and western) in China,according to which an optimized health resources allocation policy could be made. Methods: The equity indexes of sanitary institution,bed number,and health technician among different provinces were analyzed by descriptive statistics, the Lorenz curve,and Gini coefficient in a population distribution perspective. Results:Health re-sources were mainly allocated in the eastern region of China which enjoyed higher economic development and population den-sity. Gini coefficients of 3 above-mentioned indexes were 0.247,0.172 and 0.213 respectively. All the indexes were under 0.3. Conclusion:The health resources allocation in China were quantitively equal in the population. The policy guidance on the al-location of health resources should emphasize optimizes the resources’ allocation structure,promoting the efficiency and quali-ty of health service.