试验以自然生草和自然生草＋人工生草（紫花苜蓿、白三叶、红三叶、早熟禾、高羊茅和黑麦草）的‘寒富’苹果园为研究对象,以清耕为对照,研究了自然生草对土壤理化性质、微生物数量和酶活性的影响,并对自然生草条件下的人工草种进行了初步评价。结果表明,与对照相比,自然生草处理土壤pH值、有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、细菌、真菌、放线菌、脲酶和磷酸酶明显升高,全钾增幅较小,但含水量降低了。通过适宜草种评价的初步研究可知,以生草覆盖为目的、刈割次数少的可选择白三叶、高羊茅和黑麦草等品种;为增加土壤有机质、提高土壤肥力,需要刈割用于覆盖的则应选择紫花苜蓿、红三叶等产草量较高的草种。%The present experiment studied the impact of ‘Natural vegetation of grasses' on the soil properties,microbial quantity and enzyme activity,and made a preliminary evaluation on ‘Sowing vegetation of grasses' the under natural grass conditions simultaneously,used ‘Hanfu' apple orchard with ‘Natural vegetation of grasses' and ‘Natural vegetation of grasses plus Sowing vegetation of grasses [alfafa(Medicago sativa L.),white clover(Trifoliurn repens L.),red clover(Trifolium pratense L.),bluegrass(Poa pratensis L.),tall fescue(Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and perennial ryegrass(Lolium Perenne L.)]' as materials,and ‘Clean cultivation' as control.The results showed that,the soil pH,the content of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium,and the quantity of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes,and the activity of urease and phosphatase of Natural vegetation of grasses were significantly increased,the content of total potassium increased little,but the soil moisture reduced,compared with ‘Clean cultivation'.Preliminary study of optimal grass species evaluation showed that,white clover,tall fescue and perennial ryegrass were good choice,with the purpose of covering herbage and less mowing;if aimed on mowing more grass used as cover material to improve the soil organic matter content or soil fertility,should choose higher grass yield species such as alfalfa and red clover.
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