磷石膏复分解可制备硫酸铵，硫酸铵应用于磷矿分解系统可使磷钙分离简单，从而可实现磷化工企业湿法硫循环利用的目的。本研究开展了热力学分析探讨酸化硫酸铵分解磷矿的可行性，采用正交实验考察了酸化硫酸铵的酸化剂类型、H+浓度、反应温度和时间对磷矿转化率的影响，对分解滤渣进行了表征。结果表明，酸化硫酸铵分解磷矿可行，硝酸和盐酸为酸化剂的分解效果最好，硫酸和磷酸为酸化剂的效果较差，这主要是受分解过程中硫酸钙结晶的影响。正交实验的最佳方案为：酸化剂盐酸，反应时间80 min，反应温度80℃，H+浓度5.4 mol/L，磷矿最终转化率达99.89%。%Ammonium sulfate can be prepared from the phosphogypsum by the metathetical reaction, and is used for decomposition of phosphate to make separation of calcium and phosphorus simple, which can achieve the purpose of the use of wet sulfur recycling for the phosphorus chemical enterprises. To achieve this goal, this paper investigated the feasibility of acidifying ammonium sulfate to decompose phosphate by thermodynamic analysis, using orthogonal experiment to investigate the effects of types of ammonium sulfate acidiifers, concentration of H+, reaction temperature and time on the conversion rate of phosphate, and residues were characterized. The results indicate that decomposing phosphate ore through ammonium sulfate acidiifcation is feasible, the effect of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid as decomposition acidiifers are best, and sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid appear relatively poor effect, which is mainly due to the crystallization of calcium sulfate in decomposition process. The best solution for the orthogonal experiments:hydrochloric acid as an acidifying agent, reaction time 80 min, reaction temperature 80℃, H+concentration 5.4 mol/L, phosphate ifnal conversion rate can reach 99.89%.
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