航天中心医院周边社区中老年帕金森病患病率现况分析

摘要

目的:了解航天中心医院周边社区40岁以上人群帕金森病(PD)的患病率及危险因素.方法:采用分层整群、随机抽样、两阶段调查方法.对航天中心医院周边社区(永定路、田村社区)年龄≥40岁的居民2430例进行问卷调查,分为40～ 59岁、60 ～ 79岁和≥80岁3个年龄段.第一阶段采用国际通用的9个问题PD调查问卷筛查出高危人群,同时收集一般人口学资料、头外伤史、毒物、重金属接触史、饮茶史等;第二阶段由PD专科医师对高危人群进行筛查,分析危险因素.结果:共收集完整资料2326份,筛查出高危人群274例(11.78％);最终临床诊断PD44例,总患病率为1.89％,其中男24例(2.08％),女20例(1.71％),差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);3个年龄段人群的患病率分别为0.46％、2.67％和3.10％(P＜0.001).单因素分析显示家族史、毒物、重金属接触史与PD发生呈正相关,而饮茶与PD发生呈负相关.多因素Logistic多元回归分析,年龄、家族史、毒物接触史及重金属接触史是PD的危险因素,饮茶史是保护因素.结论:航天中心医院周边社区PD患病率稍高于全国平均水平;随年龄增长,PD患病率呈上升趋势;年龄、家族史、毒物及重金属接触史是PD可能的危险因素,饮茶可能是保护因素.%Objective:To investigate the prevalence and risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD) of high-risk population aged over 40 years in the Aerospace Center Hospital adjacent communities.Methods:A two-stage,stratified cluster-random sampling was conducted.2430 residents ≥40 years old (40～59 years,60～79 years and≥ 80 years group) living in the communities (Yongding and Tiancun) of Aerospace Center Hospital were recruited.At the first stage,the high-risk population were screened using the international general questionnaire of PD.General demographic data,history of head trauma,toxic exposure,exposure to heavy metals and tea drinking were collected.The high-risk population were enrolled and diagnosed by PD specialists in the second stage.Results:274 cases with high risk for PD were screenedfrom 2326 participants with complete data,accounting for 11.78％ of the total number.At last 44 subjects (22 males and 20 females) were dianosed to have PD,and the prevalence of PD was 1.89％ in total,2.08％ in male and 1.71％ in female.The prevalence of PD was 0.46％,2.67％ and 3.10％ in the subjects aged 40～59 years,60～79 years and ≥ 80 years,respectively.The chi-square test showed a significant difference in the PD prevalence (P＜0.001) among the three groups.Single factors analysis showed that family history,history of toxic exposure and exposure to heavy metals were correlated with PD positively while tea drinking was correlated negatively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age,family history,history of toxic exposure and exposure to heavy metals were the risk factors,while tea drinking was the protective factor.Conclusion:The prevalence of PD among the elderly residents of Aerospace Center Hospital adjacent communities is slightly higher than that of national average.The prevalence of PD increases with age.Age,family history,history of toxic exposure and exposure to heavy metals are probably the risk factors,while tea drinking is probably the protective factor.