五种茄科糖苷生物碱及其混合物的抗真菌活性研究

摘要

The antifungal activity of five solanaceae glycoalkaloids solanine,chaconine,solasonine,solamargine and tomatine against phytopathogenic fungi Cercosporella brassicae and Alternaria porri has been evaluated.Tomatine showed the highest antifungal activity against C.brassicae and A.porri among five compounds,followed with chaconie,solamargine and solasonine,while solanine showed the lowest antifungal activity.Mixture of potato glycoalkaloids solanine and chaconine produced marked synergistic antifungal activity.The magnitude of synergisms is higher at lower concentrations than that at higher concentrations.The antifungal activity of individual glycoalkaloid against A.porri was relative low,even no activity,but the mixture of chaconine and solanine showed significant synergism.There was no synergism between glycoalkaloids solasonine and solamargine from Solanum nigrum in inhibiting fungul growth.The mixtures of solamargine and chaconine,and solasonine and solanine both caused additive inhibition on the growth of fungi.%本文研究了五种茄科糖苷生物碱(茄碱、查茄碱、边缘茄碱、澳洲茄碱和番茄碱)对两种植物病原真菌白菜白斑病菌和葱紫斑病菌的抑制活性.结果表明番茄碱的抗真菌活性最强,其后依次是查茄碱、边缘茄碱和澳洲茄碱,茄碱的活性最弱;不同浓度茄碱和查茄碱(马铃薯中的两种糖苷生物碱)的混合物均具有协同抗真菌作用,且低浓度的混合物产生的协同作用效果较大;边缘茄碱和澳洲茄碱(龙葵中的两种糖苷生物碱)的混合物基本没有协同抗真菌作用;边缘茄碱和查茄碱的混合物以及澳洲茄碱和茄碱的混合物(均为来自不同植物的糖苷生物碱的混合物)在抗真菌活性上都呈现了相加关系.