School of Mechanical and Process Engineering University of Technology George Street 4000;
Centre for Materials Science University of Technology George Street 4000;
School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences University of Technology George Street 4000;
School of Chemistry and Physics University of Technology George Street 4000;
Central Analytical Research Facility University of Technology George Street 4000;
State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials of Materials Science and Engineering University 201620’s Republic of China;
Alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction; Bismuth oxide; Plasma irradiation; 2D materials; Oxygen vacancy;