日本景观立法研究

摘要

Independent legislation on landscape is an international trend. Due to the awakening of public awareness for landscape, Landscape Act of Japan has been launched based on the practices of heritage protection, landscape nurturing, and local legislation. China is drafting the law of landscape now, showing its determination on the enforcement of landscape regulation. This paper refers to the law of landscape in Japan in terms of its background, law structure, and substantial inlfuences in practice, which could contribute to the landscape law-making progress in China. It is argued that 1) the Landscape Act of Japan is a signiifcant legal system for landscape protection; 2) the landscape interest is not only a social beneift but also an important legal interest; 3) legislation of the landscape interest could promote the public participation in terms of landscape protection and construction.%景观的独立立法是一种国际趋势。日本在经济高速发展下，景观意识逐渐觉醒。在遗产保护和景观培育等实践中汇成了景观之法理，并在地方立法实践的积累下，促成了现行日本《景观法》的出台。在介绍日本《景观法》的概念、特征、基本构成基础上，讨论《景观法》对日本景观实践的影响，同时对我国日后的景观政策立法提供有益参考。研究认为，日本《景观法》的制定，为日本景观的保护和形成提供了强有力的法律制度支持；景观利益不仅是一种社会利益，也是重要的法律上之法益；景观法益保护的法制化，促使了民众对景观建设和保护的自觉参与。