一种基于无线传感器网络的灾害预警系统设计

摘要

针对当前山体滑坡及泥石流灾害监测预警系统成本高、实施困难、准确度不足等问题，提出一种基于无线传感器网络的滑坡及泥石流灾害预警应急系统设计方案。方案综合传感器、嵌入式计算、无线通信等技术，利用ZigBee无线传感器网络实时采集降雨量、土壤含水率、位移量、倾斜角度以及温湿度等环境数据，经GPRS网关节点发送至远程监控中心，由远程监控软件对有效数据进行分析处理，根据综合预警判断模型得到灾害预警等级，发出不同报警信息。在此详细介绍了系统的体系结构及软硬件设计方法，通过实物搭建和实验分析验证了方案的可行性，经测试，系统部署方便快速、稳定性好，能够减少人员伤亡和财产损失。%For the problems of high cost,difficult implementation and low accuracy of the current disaster monitoring and early⁃warning system for landslide and debris flow,a design scheme of the early⁃warning system based on wireless sensor net⁃work(WSN)is proposed. The scheme is integrated with the technologies of the sensor,embedded computing and wireless com⁃munication,in which ZigBee wireless sensor network is adopted to acquire the real⁃time environmental data of rainfall capacity, soil moisture content,displacement,tilt angle and humidity in real⁃time,and then the data is send to the remote monitoring cen⁃ter through GPRS gateway node,in which the valid data is analyzed and processed. According to the comprehensive early⁃warning judgment model,the early⁃warning levels are obtained,and the different warning information is sent out. The architecture and design methods of software and hardware are introduced in detail. The feasibility of the scheme was verified by physical structure and experiment analysis. The testing results indicate that the system can be deployed quickly and conveniently,has great stabili⁃ty,and can reduce the casualties and property loss.