后航天飞机时代国际空间站运输服务的新选择

摘要

To address the International Space Station(ISS) resupply probem caused by space shuttle's retirement, NASA put forward the Commercial Crew and Cargo Program (C3P) in 2005, and broke it down into two programs: the Comercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) program and the Commercial Crew Development (CCDev) program, which rely on U.S. Private sectors to develop reliable and cost-effective commercial orbital transportation systems for ISS resupply. This paper introduces the background of the above programs, especially the development of two kinds of commercial orbital transportation systems developped under the COTS effort: Falcon 9/Dragon and Taurus 2/Cygnus. Finally, the possible development prospects of U.S. Commercial orbital transportation are predicted.%为解决航天飞机退役后国际空间站运输的问题,NASA于2005年制定了商业乘员与货物运输计划(C3P),并在此计划下先后制定并实施了商业轨道运榆服务(COTS)计划和商业载人航天发展(CCDev)计划,以鼓励私营公司研发可靠、高性价比的商业航天运输系统,接替航天飞机执行国际空间站货物与人员运输任务.对上述计划进行介绍,重点介绍了COTS计划下研制的"法尔肯9+天龙座"和"金牛座2+天鹅座"两种商业轨道运输系统及其研制进展,最后对美国商业航天运输的发展前景进行了分析.