功能梯度防热材料在高超声速飞行器热防护上的设计研究

摘要

Methods forAblation/temperature field calculation of FGMs were accomplished and the results were given.Based on layering method, the FGMs plane structure is divided into a certain number of homogeneous layers with the material property between adjacent layer varying in a functional manner. Comparative analysis of homogeneous materials, low density homogeneous materials, double layer materials and sandwich materials, the advantages of FGMs are emphatically discussed as well as the problems which should be noticed and resolved during the application of such materials on Hypersonic vehicle. It showed that, the use of FGMs reduces mass consumption of original material, structural weight, and temperature rise of internal structure. It shows the FGMs may provide high thermal protection efficiency and its future application is prospected on hypersonic aerodynamic heating field.%研究梯度型防热材料的烧蚀/温度场计算方法，基于分层法，将梯度型防热材料平面结构划分成若干层，每层的材料参数按函数形式变化，在此基础上对材料的热防护方案进行烧蚀/温度场计算。通过与单层均质防热材料、单层均质低密度防热材料、双层式防热材料和夹层式防热材料计算结果的对比分析，指出梯度型防热材料的优势，以及运用于高超声速飞行器需关注和解决的问题。研究结果表明，梯度型防热材料在不增加表面的热解烧蚀量的情况下，能明显减少向内部结构传导的热量，大大减轻防热结构的重量，显示了在高超声速气动热防护领域极高的防热效率和应用前景。