人类芥子气中毒的长期效应

摘要

芥子气是双功能烃化剂,中毒后可遗留长期效应.两伊战争中伊朗芥子气中毒人群成为芥子气长期效应研究的热点.对这些伊朗患者芥子气中毒后数年的研究表明,他们都有不同程度迟发性并发症产生,以眼、皮肤和呼吸系统为主,表现为皮肤的干燥、瘙痒和色素过度沉着,眼睛的结膜炎、角膜溃疡和视力障碍,呼吸系统的慢性支气管炎、支气管扩张和肺纤维化.此外,芥子气中毒的长期效应还与肿瘤的发生、生殖毒性、血液系统、免疫系统的影响和神经精神方面症状有关.%Mustard gas (HD) , which has two chloroethyl groups , is one of the bifunctional alkylating agents and can cause long-term toxic effects among human beings. A cohort study focused on Iranian veterans exposed to HD during the I -ran-Iraq conflict showed delayed complications in different organs years after HD poisoning . Main involved organs were eyes ( manifested as conjunctivitis , ulcerative keratopathy and failing vision ) , skin ( as dry skin, itching and hyperpigmenta -tion) and the respiratory tract (as chronic bronchitis , bronchiectasis and pulmonary fibrosis ). In addition, long-term toxic effects of HD were related to carcinogenicity , genotoxicity, impairment of the immune system and neuropsychiatric compli -