化学应急洗消技术及装备研究进展

摘要

As an important measure to reduce casualties and prevent secondary pollution, decontamination is an impor-tant link in the process of emergency response during chemical accidents.The decontamination effect is closely related to decontamination technology and equipment.Decontamination agent selection and development are an important part of a decontamination technology.In this paper, the development and use of cleaning agents, such as alkaline, oxidation and chlorination, adsorption (degradation), metal oxide and oxygen acid salt, chemical compounds, biological (enzymatic), and individual disinfection package, light decontamination equipment, multifunctional integrated large-scale decontamination equipment at home or abroad, are reviewed.By laying bare the gap between China and advanced countries in the related field, we hope to raise the concern of relevant professional counterparts and promote the development of domestic decontami-nation technology and equipment with decontaminant agents at the core.%洗消是化学应急处置过程中的重要环节，是减少伤亡、防止二次污染的重要措施。洗消的效果与洗消技术、洗消装备密切相关，洗消剂的选择与开发是洗消技术的重要组成部分。该文就国内外对碱性、氧化氯化型、吸附（降解）、金属氧化物及氧酸盐、肟类化合物、生物（酶）等洗消剂的开发与使用技术，以及单兵消毒包、轻型洗消装备、多功能一体化大型洗消装备等的研发进行了评述，旨在明了中国与先进国家在相关领域内的差距，引起业界同行的重视，推动以洗消剂为主体的洗消技术及洗消装备的发展。