中美空军飞行学员医学选拔对照实证研究--肛门、肛周疾病

摘要

Objective To analyze the spectrum of anus disease during the medical selection of flying cadets and com-pare the medical standard between US Air Force and Chinese Air Force in order to improve the system of medical selection. Methods The data on flying cadets of Chinese Air Force medical selection from 2012 to 2015 were retrospectively analyzed and these data were re-analyzed by medical standards for US Air Force flying cadets.Results Ninety students were elimi-nated because of anal disease,including 65 hemorrhoids,14 fistula and 11 fissure.The rate of disqualification from 2012 to 2015 was 48.28%, 33.33%, 31.37%, 39.69%and there was no significant statistical difference between each two years (x2 =2.6154,P=0.4548).There was statistically significant difference(P=0<0.05)in hemorrhoids standards between CAF and USAF,and significant difference in fistula and fissure standards.Conclusion Compared with Chinese medical se-lection standards,the US Air Force standards focus on whether the symptoms of disease have effect on air safety and effi-ciency.To improve our medical selection standards,we need to learn from foreign air forces and take our own conditions into account.%目的：分析空军招飞定检中肛门及肛周疾病分布，对比中美招飞医学选拔标准，为完善我国空军招飞医学选拔体系提供支持。方法回顾性分析2012～2015年空军医学选拔中心招飞定检受检者肛门及肛周疾病数据并将其适用于美军招飞标准后再次分析，对比中美招飞医学选拔标准差异。结果因肛门及肛周疾病淘汰90人，其中痔疮65人、肛瘘14人、肛裂11人；2012～2015年检出患肛门及肛周疾病的学员中被淘汰者占比分别为：48．28％、33．33％、31．37％和39．69％。4年中空军招飞定选肛门及肛周疾病检出学员中因该病所致淘汰率无明显统计学差异（χ²＝2．6154，P＝0．4548）；适用美军标准后发现中美空军招飞医学选拔中痔疮规定的差异有统计学意义（P＝0＜0．05），肛裂、肛瘘选拔标准也具有明显差异。结论中美招飞医学选拔肛门及肛周疾病标准存在差异，美军招飞医学标准重视功能，结合我国青少年身体状况借鉴国外招飞医学选拔标准才能制定出科学完善的空军招飞医学选拔体系。