1281名空军青少年航空学校应征学生定选体检不合格异常谱分析

摘要

目的：整理分析湖南、湖北两省空军青少年航空学校应征学生定选体检资料，为科学确定空军青少年航空学校实验班学生医学选拔项目及标准提供依据。方法对两省28个市州参加2016年空军青少年航校实验班定选体检的1281名学生体检结果进行统计，对体检相关学科的不合格率及不合格项目进行分析，并对不合格率进行统计和医学地理描述。结果按不合格率高低排名前5位的科室是眼科、耳鼻喉科、外科、放射科和超声诊断科。不合格项目中排名前10位的异常项目分别是远视力不足、眼底异常、鼻部异常、屈光异常、斜视、脊柱异常、听力异常、前庭功能异常、玻璃体混浊、晶状体异常。按两省行政区划进行分组，两省间不合格率差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论空军青少年航校学生定选体检结果反映了初选质量和效率，提高选拔质量需要进一步研究远视力、屈光等可变项目在初选到定选之间的变化规律，科学确定初选标准，同时加强初选合格后远视力的科学保护与干预；提高选拔效率要提高鼻腔结构异常、身体形态不合格、晶状体混浊等易查项目学校初选的准确性，在准确摸清各市州不合格率及异常谱的前提下，科学安排初检专业人员、技术力量，有效减少初选误淘率和漏诊率。%Objective To analyze the results of the final aviation medical examination of 1281 students recruited into Air Force youth aviation schools in Hunan and Hubei provinces in order to provide reference for establishing the items and standards of medical selection .Methods The data of 1281 students who participated in final aviation medical examination of Air Force youth aviation schools in 2016 were collected , who came from 28 cities in the above two provinces .The disqualification rate and related unqualified medical items were calculated , and the differences of the disqualification rate and medical geographical areas in the 28 cities were analyzed .Results According to the disqualification rate , the top five departments were ophthalmology , otolaryngology, surgery, radiology and ultrasonic departments .The top 10 unqualified items were the lack of distant vision , fundus diseases , nasal anomaly , ametropia and strabismus , spine abnormality , audition abnormality, vestibular function badness , vitreous opacity, and lens abnormalities.There was no significant difference between the 28 cities in the disqualification rate (P >0.05) or between the two provinces (P >0.05). Conclusion The results of the final aviation medical examination reflect the quality and efficiency of the initial aviation medical examination .To improve the quality of medical selection , further research is needed to set a scientific standard for the initial aviation medical examination while strengthening the scientific protection and intervention of distant vision .The efficiency of selection depends on improving the accuracy of initial aviation medical examination in nasal cavity structure, body shape ,and lens opacity .With a better understanding of the disqualification rate and abnormal items in different cities , a scientific arrangement of professional staff and technical force can make the initial aviation medical examination better, thus effectively reducing the rate of false elimination rate and misdiagnosis .