武汉城市热岛效应及其影响要素分析

摘要

利用武汉市1961-2010年逐日气温观测资料和1981-2010年城市人口资料,采用城郊对比法、相关分析法、多元线性回归分析等方法,研究了武汉城市热岛效应及其影响要素.结果表明,武汉市自20世纪80年代后热岛效应显著,且随时间发展日益严重,2000年后有所减缓;冬季热岛效应较其他季节明显;最低气温对热岛增温贡献率达83.1%,最高气温和平均气温贡献率分别为33.3%和72.2%.总体而言,武汉为弱热岛强度等级.武汉市城市人口总数与热岛效应有较显著的正相关.气象要素中风速对热岛强度的影响较大.城市人口总数对城市热岛强度的影响更明显,武汉城市热岛受人为影响更严重.%Based on the 1961-2010 homogeneous surface air temperature data and the urban population data from 1981 to 2010 of Wuhan, the Urban Heat Island (UHI) in Wuhan and its influence factors were studied by the comparison between urban and suburban station, correlation analysis and multiple linear regression.The results indicated that the UHI effect was more obvious after 1980s`and enhanced till 2000, and was more serious in winter.The contribution rate of minimum temperature to urban warming reached 83.1%, and the contribution rates of maximum temperature and average temperature were 33.3% and 72.2%, respectively.Generally, the UHI effect in Wuhan was ranked weak.The population of the city and the UHI effect presented significant positive correlation.Although the wind speed had great influence on the UHI effect, the UHI effect of Wuhan was more affected by human activities.We also found that the dry island and the dark island effects became increasingly obvious.The urbanization had a significant influence on the urban climate effect in Wuhan.