水文模型在计算中小流域致汛临界面雨量中的应用

摘要

In the premise of supposed disaster standard,the hydrological model is applied to simulating the relations between rainfall and runoff,getting required rainfall for different base water levels that reach dis-aster standard,and a new method,new ideas for critical area rainfall calculation of small and medium river valleys are discussed.The research takes the Zhanghe Reservoir,Jingmen,Hubei Province as an example, adopts the Xin’anjiang hydrological model,and determines hydrological model parameters through the simulation of historical cases from 1956 to 2012.Based on the simulation result and reservoir flood capaci-ty,the research simulates and calculates the flood critical area rainfall (to reach the critical area rainfall that the flood limit water level needs)under the conditions of different baseline levels,and different rain-fall distributions.The results show that it is feasible to use hydrological model to calculate critical area rainfall so that the calculation method of critical area rainfall in small and medium river valleys can be effec-tively richened.%在设定致灾标准的前提下，运用水文模型模拟降水和流量关系，反推不同基础水位达到致灾标准所需要的雨量，探讨中小流域临界面雨量计算的新方法、新思路。以湖北省荆门漳河流域为例，选取控制流域3／4面积的漳河水库为控制站点，利用新安江水文模型，通过1956—2012年36场洪水的模拟率定水文模型的参数，在此基础上结合漳河水库防洪能力，利用水文模型反推计算漳河水库不同基准水位、不同雨量分布条件下的致汛临界面雨量（到达汛限水位所需的面雨量）。结果表明：利用水文模型反推计算中小流域临界面雨量，能直观给出漳河水库不同基准水位、不同降水分布条件下的洪水入库过程曲线、水位变化过程曲线以及流域致汛临界面雨量，意义明确，技术方法可行，能有效丰富中小流域临界面雨量的计算方法。