在铜精矿、铅精矿和锌精矿的冶炼过程中，产生多种固体废物，例如冰铜渣、阳极炉渣、脱铜炉渣、酸浸渣、锌铜渣。实验针对冶炼精矿过程中产生的固体粉末进行鉴别，首先利用X射线荧光光谱（XRF ）对制得的精矿和固体废物粉末中的元素进行半定量分析，得出这些物质的主要元素，然后利用X射线衍射（X RD ）技术对粉末中存在的物相进行分析，从而推断出固体粉末的属性。通过精矿与固体废物的比较，完成对固体废物的识别与鉴定。通过实验建立了这3种精矿与5种固体废物的鉴别方法，对进口固体废物的监管提供指导。%Many solid wastes were generated in smelting process of copper concentrate ,lead concentrate and zinc concentrate ,for example ,matte residue ,anode furnace slag ,decoppering furnace slag ,acid leaching residue and zinc‐copper slag .The solid powders generated in concentrate smelting process were identified in proposed study .Firstly ,the elements in concentrate and solid waste powders were semi‐quantitatively analyzed by X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) to determine the type of major elements .Then ,the phases in powders were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) to infer the properties of solid powders .The recognition and identification of solid wastes were completed through the comparison of concentrate and solid wastes .The identification method of three concentrates and five solid wastes was established accord‐ing to the experimental method ,which provided guidance for the supervision of imported solid wastes .
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