南方离子型稀土矿绿色提取技术研究进展

摘要

离子型稀土矿富含中、重稀土元素,是我国优势战略矿产资源.目前,该类型矿石中的稀土主要采用硫酸铵浸出、碳酸氢铵沉淀的工艺提取,提取过程中存在氨氮污染等问题.从离子型稀土矿浸取技术的发展、沉淀法富集回收稀土技术的开发和萃取法富集回收低浓度稀土技术等3个角度总结了南方离子型稀土矿提取技术的发展现状,介绍了稀土提取各阶段的技术优势和局限,分析了无氨浸出剂的研发进展,阐述了沉淀法和萃取法富集回收稀土的技术现状,指明了研发新一代镁盐复合浸出剂、筛选和调配高效稀土沉淀剂及其配套浸取工艺,将是离子型稀土矿绿色提取技术的研究重点.%The ion type rare earths ore are the main resources of mid-heavy rare earth in the world and it is strategic mineral resource of China. Nowadays,this kind of rare earth is recovered by leaching process with ( NH4 ) 2 SO4 solution in the industry,and enriched by precipitating with ammonium bicarbonate. So,there are some problems of ammonia nitrogen pollution in the extraction process. The development situation of ion type rare earths ore extraction technology is summarized from three aspects:development of ion type rare earth ore leaching technology, exploitation of enrichment and recovery of rare earth tech-nology by precipitation method, exploration of enrichment and recovery of low concentration rare earth technology by extrac-tion. Then the advantages and disadvantages of each stages of rare earth extraction are introduced,the development of leaching agent without ammonia is analyzed,and the technology status of enrichment rare earth by precipitation and extraction method is elaborated. It is pointed out that how to develop a new generation of magnesium salt complex leaching agent,and deploy high efficient rare earth precipitant and its associated leaching process will be the focus on the green extraction technology of ion rare earth.