随着矿山开采强度的日益加大,导致矿区泥石流、滑坡、地面塌陷等地质灾害频发以及环境污染日趋严重,对矿区地质环境问题进行详细分析并进行准确评价,对于进一步采取针对性的治理措施具有重要意义.以宝鼎矿为例,采用ArcGIS软件,对矿区比例尺为1:50000、多光谱波段分辨率为2.44 m、全色波段分辨率为0.61 m的Quick Bird遥感图像进行解译,分析了矿区滑坡、泥石流、地面塌陷等地质灾害以及水体、大气、粉尘等环境污染的分布区域,并统计、计算得出矿区滑坡、泥石流、地面塌陷区分别有12,4,10处,矿区水体、大气、粉尘污染的面积分别为0.2559,3.2117,0.0284 km2.在上述分析的基础上,采用模糊层次分析法(Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process,FAHP)对矿区地质环境进行了综合评价,选取地质环境、地质灾害、环境污染作为一级评价指标,各指标分别包含地形地貌、水文地质、地层岩性,滑坡、泥石流、地面塌陷,大气污染、粉尘污染、水体污染等二级评价指标.研究表明:矿区地层岩性复杂,水文地质条件恶劣且受地形地貌控制,地质环境评价为Ⅲ类较差级别;矿区滑坡、泥石流和地面塌陷分布较广且数量较多,地质灾害评价为Ⅲ类较差级别;矿区大气污染、粉尘污染较严重,局部存在水体、固体废弃物污染,环境污染评价为Ⅱ类一般级别;总体上矿区地质环境质量较差,总体评价为Ⅲ类较差级别,亟需采取措施进行治理.%With the increasing of mining intensity,the mine geological hazards such as mudslides,landslides and ground collapse are occurred frequently and the environmental pollution problem is more and more serious,analyzing the geological en-vironmental problem in mining area in detail and conduct comprehensive evaluation of them are help for taking effective con-trolling measures of geological environment. Taking Baoding Mine as the study example,based on ArcGIS software,the Quick Bird remote sensing image in the mining area with the mapping scale is 1 : 50000,the multispectral band resolution is 2. 44 m and the panchromatic band resolution is 0. 61 m is interpreted in detail,the distribution areas of mine geological hazards such as mudslides,landslides and ground collapse and the environmental pollution problems such as water,atmosphere and dust are analyzed,besides that,by statistical and computational analysis,the areas of mudslides,landslides and ground collapse are 12, 4,10 respectively;the environmental pollution distribution areas such as water,atmosphere and dust are 0. 2559,3. 2117, 0. 0284 km2. Based on the above analysis results,the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) is adopted to conduct compre-hensive evaluation of the geological environment in the mining area,the indexes such as geological environment,geological haz-ard and environmental pollution are selected as the first grade evaluation indexes,the indexes such as topography,hydrogeology and formation lithology are included by the index of geological environment, mudslides, landslides and ground collapse are taken as the secondary evaluation indexes of the index of geological hazard,water pollution,atmosphere pollution and dust pol-lution are selected as the secondary evaluation indexes of the index of environmental pollution. The study results show that:due to the lithology of the mining area is complex,hydrogeological conditions are atrocious and they are controlled by topography,so the evaluation grade of the geological environment is Ⅲ level ( geological environment is serious);geological hazards such as mudslides,landslides and ground collapse are widely distributed in the mining area,so the evaluation grade of the geological hazard is Ⅲlevel ( geological hazard development degree is serious);the mining area are seriously polluted by atmosphere and dust,so the corresponding evaluation grade isⅡlevel ( the degree of environmental pollution is general);in general,the evalu-ation grade of the geological environmental in the mining area is Ⅲ level, it is necessary to take some effective controlling measures of geological environment in the mining area.
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