露天矿台阶爆破水炮孔深度测量流量尺技术

摘要

在露天矿台阶爆破和边帮预裂爆破中,炮孔深度测量工作对装药和控制爆破效果尤为重要.大多数深凹露天矿炮孔都存在孔内渗水情况,不同岩种不同水环境下炮孔孔底存在不同深度的矿泥或岩碴.矿山孔深测量一般采用加配重的测绳,到达孔底与否以绳是否变松通过测量员感观判别,误差较大.在连续快速多孔深测量时,测量含水含泥或含碴炮孔非常麻烦并且耗时,测绳易沾泥浸水不便清洗,甚至无法准确使用(比如冬季测绳沾水易冻硬).描述了流量尺的结构组成,阐述了测量原理,建立了流量尺操作规范.露天台阶爆破中炮孔含泥碴含水时,将炮孔深度、炮孔含水高度、孔底泥碴深度和炸药陷入泥碴深度一次性在炮孔外流量尺上可读出.流量尺可反复使用,较测绳操作简单、数据准确、效率高,流量尺制作材料来源广泛、造价低廉,为爆破前装药作业提供准确的炮孔状态数据.%The depthmeasurement of blasting holes plays an important rule in explosion charging and blasting effect con-trolling for bench blasting and pre-split blasting in open-pitmines.Percolation water usually occursmore or less in bore holes inmost of deep open-pitmines.Mud or debris deposited on the bottom with different depth according to the rock types and hydrological environment.Measuring rope with balance weight is usually used tomeasure the bore holes depth.Whether arriving at the bottom of hole depends on the rope relax observed by the surveyor,with big error often occurred.When the hole depthmeasurement needs a continuous,quick ormulti-hole operation,the rope is easily invaded by water andmud due to the compli-cated operation,even resulting in failuremeasurement (such as water freezes ofmeasuring rope in winter).The structure of flow calibration tube is designed and themeasurement principle is discussed as well.The operation standard for flow calibration device is set up.When the holes of bench blasting in open pitmine contains water andmud,the hole depth,the water column height,the height of the slime sludge and the depth of explosives in slime could be totally read from the flow calibration device. Flow calibration tube is easier to use than themeasuring rope and can be used repeatedly.It has a higher accuracy and efficien-cy with lower cost,and can provide the accurate bore holes data before blast charging.