常州市待孕妇女优生优育知识、态度及行为调查

摘要

Objective: To realize the eugenics knowledge, attitude and practice of the candidates for pregnancy in Changzhou, provide sug-gestions which could reduce the incidence of birth defects for relevant departments to make effective strategies.Methods:From January to June in 2014, the questionnaire surveys were conducted among the candidates for pregnancy who volunteered for the free pre -pregnancy physical exami-nations in Changzhou.Results: Specific knowledge awareness rate was 81.4%-96.3%, the awareness rate of all the knowledge was 56.5%. Among the attitudes of eugenics, The awareness rate of each specific service project that prevent birth defects was 95.6%-98.8%, and 89.6%of the candidates for pregnancy thought that the specific service projects to prevent birth defects were all very important.4.2% of the candidates for pregnancy smoked, 63.4% of them suffered from passive smoking, 18.6% drank, and only 70.4% of them participated in the premarital physical examination which others hadn’ t realize it yet.Conclusion:The knowledge on how to bear and rear healthy children was well grasped by the candidates for pregnancy in Changzhou, but without a comprehensive.Many of them had passive attitude on bearing and rearing health chil-dren, and most people had harmful behaviors.Carrying out health education actively, popularizing knowledge of Eugenics, and using the health belief model to change the danger of harmful behaviors can play an important role in the prevention of birth defect .%目的：了解常州市待孕妇女优生优育知识、态度、行为及其影响因素，为相关部门制定干预策略，降低新生儿出生缺陷发生率提供依据。方法：以2014年1－6月常州市自愿参加免费孕前优生健康检查的待孕妇女为研究对象，采用自填式问卷调查法进行调查。结果：优生优育各知识点回答正确率为81．4％－96．3％，各知识点全部回答正确率为56．5％。在对待优生优育态度方面，对“预防出生缺陷具体服务项目”认同率为95．6％－98．8％，对各服务项目全部认同的占89．6％。待孕妇女中吸烟者占4．2％，被动吸烟者占63．4％，饮酒者占18．6％，待孕妇女参加过婚前体检者占70．4％。相关性分析显示，优生优育知识和优生优育态度之间呈正相关（r＝0．198， P＜0．01），而知识与行为、态度与行为之间则无相关性。结论：常州市待孕妇女优生优育知识掌握较好，但不全面，多数人存在不利于优生优育的行为。普及各类优生优育知识，转变消极的优生态度，依照健康信念模式促进待孕妇女优生优育行为的形成，对预防出生缺陷有重要作用。