Compared with other anesthetics, urethane commonly used in medical experiments has advantages such as low-cost, easy preparation, stable anesthetic effect and longer effective time and has no significant respiratory depression in rabbits. In addition to effects of anesthesia, urethane also has other biological activities, such as antagonizing the fall of blood pressure induced by endotoxin and enhancing the effect of heart preservation through some mechanism. Besides,urethane can raise blood sugar,cause hemolysis and inhibit gastric emptying,and more attention is paid to its carcinogenic effect. Here is to make a review on the bioactivities of urethane on the related systems, to provide a reference for deeper understanding of urethane roles and better utlization of urethane in the animal experiments.%在医学实验中,乌拉坦作为常用的麻醉剂,与其他麻醉剂相比,具有价廉、易配制、麻醉效果稳定、维持时间长等优点,而且对实验家兔的呼吸无明显抑制.除了麻醉效应外,乌拉坦还具有复杂的生物活性,能对抗内毒素引起的血压下降等起增强心脏保存效果.此外,乌拉坦能升高血糖,导致溶血和抑制胃排空,而且它的致癌作用越来越受到人们的重视.在此综述相关系统乌拉坦的生物活性,为深入认识乌拉坦的作用和今后在动物实验中较好地应用提供参考.
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