诊断结核感染的新方法——酶联免疫斑点法技术

摘要

酶联免疫斑点法(ELISPOT)技术作为一种新的免疫学检测方法用于结核感染的诊断,其主要原理是应用结核分枝杆菌特异性抗原ESAT-6与CFP-10刺激患者外周血T淋巴细胞使T细胞活化释放干扰素γ,根据活化T细胞数来判定是否存在结核感染,此技术因不受机体免疫力及卡介苗接种的影响,而较皮肤结核菌素试验具有更高的特异性及敏感性,现就ELISPOT的技术原理、发展简史、操作步骤及应用进行综述.%Enzyme-linked immunospot( EL1SPOT ) assay is used in the diagnosis of tuberculosis as a new immunology detection method. The main principle is application of mycobacterium tuberculosis specific antigen ESAT-6, CEP-10 to stimulate peripheral blood T lymphocytes, make T-cell activated and release γ-interferon, to determine whether there are tuberculosis according to activated T-cell number. This technology is with higher sensitivity and specificity than the TST experiment,for it is not affected by body immunity and BCG vaccination, and here is to make a review' on EL1SPOT technology principle, brief development history, operation procedure and the application.