全身麻醉苏醒期由于麻醉减浅,气管导管或分泌物等对气道的刺激常可诱发呛咳反射,并由此导致一系列不良后果,如恶性心血管事件、切口再出血等.呛咳发生的机制可能是由于气管和隆突部位迷走神经以及感受器分布密集,且该部位对机械性刺激比较敏感,受到刺激诱发呛咳引起一系列不良心血管反应.为减少此类不良事件的发生,现已有各种抑制拔管呛咳的方法和研究,如深麻醉拔管以及短效阿片类药物、右美托咪定、利多卡因、艾司洛尔等药物的应用.%During general anesthesia waning ,due to anesthesia lightening ,tracheal or secretions and other airway irrita-tion can often induce choking cough reflex ,and lead to a series of adverse consequences such as malignant cardiovascular events and wound rebleeding .The mechanism of choking cough may be densely distributed tracheal and carina and vagus nerve and sensory receptors ,which is more sensitive to mechanical stimulation ,and causes a series of adverse cardiovascular reactions induced by cough .In order to reduce the occurrence of such adverse events , there are various methods and resear-ches for suppressing extubation choking cough , such as deep anesthesia extubation , and the application of short-acting opioids, dexmedetomidine,lidocaine,esmolol etc.
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