Objective:Cytological analysis of characteristics of the patients with bone marrow anemia in the elderly, to investigate the causes of anemia, improvement of anemia in the elderly attention.Methods:A retrospective analysis of 158 cases of anemia in the elderly patients (≥ 60 years) bone marrow cytology results and clinical data were performed.Results:158 cases of 48 cases with anemia in the elderly patients with mild anemia (30.4%); moderate anemia in 71 cases (44.9%); 39 cases (24.7%) in severe anemia. Diagnosis of 136 cases (86.1%): among the 26 cases of megaloblastic anemia (16.5%); anemia of chronic disease in 23 cases (14.6%); 20 cases with iron deficiency anemia (12.7%); 13 cases of multiple myeloma (8.2%); 12 cases of acute leukemia (7.6%); 9 patients with thrombocytopenia (5.7%); infectious anemia in 7 cases (4.3%); 5 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (3.2%); 5 cases of myelodysplastic syndrome (3.2%); 4 cases of hemolytic anemia (2.5%); 3 cases of lymphoma (1.9%); 3 cases of hypersplenism (1.9%); 2 cases of chronic myelogenous leukemia (1.3%); 2 cases of malignant tumors (1.3%); 1 cases with pure red cell aplasia (0.6%); 1 cases of bone marrow fibrosis (0.6%). 22 cases of unknown causes (13.9%).Conclusions: Anemia in the elderly complex etiology, onset occult, should be thought highly by the elderly and medical workers;Bone marrow cytology for diagnosis of anemia, anemia in elderly type determination has important clinical significance.%目的：分析老年贫血患者骨髓细胞学特点，探讨老年贫血病因，提高对老年贫血的重视。方法：回顾分析158例老年贫血患者（≥60岁）骨髓细胞学检查结果及临床资料。结果：158例老年贫血患者中轻度贫血48例（30.4%）；中度贫血71例（44.9%）；重度贫血39例（24.7%）。明确病因的有136例（86.1%）：其中巨幼细胞性贫血26例(16.5%)；慢性病贫血23例(14.6%)；缺铁性贫血20例(12.7%)；多发性骨髓瘤13例(8.2%)；急性白血病12例(7.6%)；血小板减少9例（5.7%）；感染性贫血7例(4.3%)；慢性淋巴细胞白血病5例(3.2%)；骨髓增生异常综合征5例(3.2%)；溶血性贫血4例(2.5%)；淋巴瘤3例(1.9%)；脾功能亢进3例(1.9%)；慢性粒细胞白血病2例(1.3%)；恶性肿瘤2例（1.3%）；纯红再障1例(0.6%)；骨髓纤维化1例(0.6%)。不明原因22例(13.9%)。结论：⑴老年贫血病因复杂、起病隐匿，多为中重度贫血，影响老年人生存寿命，应引起老年人及医务工作者的高度重视，尽早发现，明确病因，及时预防和治疗，提高老年人的生活质量。⑵骨髓细胞学检查对老年贫血的确诊、贫血类型的确定具有重要临床意义。
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