平原官兵急进高原驻训期间心理状态及其影响因素

摘要

目的:探索平原官兵急进高原驻训期间的心理状态变化特点及其影响因素.方法:按照急进高原时间和海拔高度,选择进驻高原前、急进高原3 d(海拔3 700 m)、高海拔3 d(海拔4 500 m)、高海拔1个月、高海拔3个月、返回平原1个月为6个观察时间点,采用个人基本信息、心理弹性问卷(connor-davidson resilience scale, CD-RISC)、状态-特质焦虑问卷(statetrait anxiety inventory, STAI)、自评焦虑问卷(self-rating anxiety scale, SAS)和自评抑郁问卷 (self-rating depression scale, SDS),动态追踪观察官兵情绪状况及变化.结果:①＞50％的平原官兵在急进高原驻训期间存在入睡困难、早醒或睡眠浅等睡眠问题.②男、女官兵状态-特质焦虑、焦虑、抑郁评分随着海拔高度和时间节点不同,每相邻2个时间节点评分均有差异(P＜0.01),男官兵在第3次,女官兵在第4次测评评分达到峰值之后呈递减趋势;③男官兵心理弹性评分与状态-特质焦虑、焦虑、抑郁的测评结果呈负相关,而女官兵无明显相关性.结论:官兵急进高原外训期间,不同海拔高度不同时间节点会出现不同程度的睡眠、焦虑、抑郁等心理问题.通过适当的心理干预,可提升官兵外训期间的心理健康状况.%Objective: To explore the changing characteristics and influencing factors of psychological status of the officers and soldiers during rush entry into high altitude from plain. Methods: In accordance with the rapid plateau time and altitude, such as, before entery into the plateau, entery into the high altitude for 3 days (elevation 3 700 m), in high altitude for 3 days (elevation 4 500 m), in high altitude area for 1 month, in high altitude area for 3 months and 1 month after returning to the plains were selected as six observation time points general conditions scale, connor-davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC), state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI), self-rating anxiety scale(SAS), self-rating depression scale(SDS) were used to dynamically track the emotions and changes of officers and soldiers. Results: ①More than 50％ officers and soldiers had troubles in falling asleep, wake up and sleep shallow. ② In all assessments of STAI, SAS, SDS, there were significant differences between two observation time points(P＜0.01). ③CD-RISC showed negative correlation with STAI, SAS, SDS of male officers and soldiers, showed no correlation of female officers and soldiers. Conclusion: When the officers and soldiers urgently enter the plateau for external training, different degrees of sleep, anxiety, depression, and other psychological problems occur at different altitudes and at different times. Through appropriate psychological intervention, we can improve the mental health status during the training period.