慢性肾病患者磷、钾、食盐摄入知识调查

摘要

Objective To investigate the intake of phosphorus , potassium and salt in admitted patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and provide reference for the nutritional education for CKD patients further .Methods Self-designed questionnaire was used among 100 CKD patients .Results Up to 92%CKD patients showed a proper understanding of salt control , 68%and 65%patients showed a proper understanding of potassium control and hidden salt respectively , and only 40%patients showed a proper un-derstanding of phosphorus control .From according to degree of mastery , CKD patients presented the best mastery of low-phosphorous food ( vegetables , fruits and processed rice and wheat );their mastery of livers , nuts and mushrooms in the category of phosphorus-rich food was good;their mastery of milk , meat, coarse cereals and eggs was relatively poor .The proportions of CKD patients presenting the best mastery of cereal grains and melon vegetables (low-potassium food) reached 96.9%and 93.8%respectively;their mastery of ba-nanas as potassium-rich food was good and that of other food was relatively lower: their mastery of meat was only 6.3%.In terms of salt control behaviors , 21%CKD patients adopted specific quantitative tools;69%CKD patients paid attention to controlling food salt intake but took no further quantitative methods .The proportion of patients taking no salt control measures was still up to 10%. Conclusions The education of understanding of phosphorus , potassium and hidden salt and the guidanee of selection of specific food should be strengthened for CKD patients , so as to enhance their consciousness of self-management .%目的：调查住院慢性肾病（ chronic kidney disease ，CKD）患者磷、钾、食盐摄入情况，为进一步开展CKD患者营养宣教提供依据。方法对100例CKD患者采用自行设计的问卷调查。结果 CKD患者对限盐了解最高，占92％，对限钾和隐性盐了解较好，分别占68％、65％；对于限磷的了解最低，仅占40％。 CKD患者对低磷类食物（蔬菜、水果、精细米面）掌握的最好；富磷类食物中肝脏类、坚果类、菌菇类掌握情况较好；奶类、肉类、杂粮类和蛋类食物掌握情况较差。 CKD患者对低钾类食物（粮谷类、瓜类蔬菜）掌握最好分别占到96．9％和93．8％；富钾类食物中香蕉掌握较好，其他均较低；肉类最低只占6．3％。在控盐行为中21％的CKD患者使用了具体的量化工具；69％的患者注意到控制膳食中盐的摄入量，但未实施进一步具体的量化方法，仍有10％的患者没有控盐措施。结论对CKD患者应加强磷、钾和隐性盐的认知教育和具体食物选择指导，以提高CKD患者自我管理意识。