蝶形弹簧是井下减振器的最常用部件之一,合理的碟簧结构对减振器的性能具有重大影响.基于优化设计理论,以碟簧体积最小为优化目标,建立了碟簧的优化数学模型,并用MATLAB软件中的优化工具箱对算例进行了求解,结果发现优化后的碟簧体积减小了10.2%.基于弹塑性理论和有限元方法,建立了算例中碟簧的数值计算模型,并对优化前、后的碟簧力学性能进行了分析.结果表明:优化后的碟簧等效应力降低了3.36%,最大塑性应变降低了19%,最大正剪应力增加了14.4%,最大负剪应力降低了44.7%.说明所建立的碟簧优化数学模型较为准确,该方法对碟簧的优化设计和加工制造具有重要实用价值.%Disc spring is one of the most commonly parts of shock absorbers,the reasonable structure of disc spring has significant effects on the performance of the shock absorber.Based on the theory of optimization design,the optimized mathematical model of disc spring was established,and the minimum volumes of dish spring was taken as the optimization goal.An example was solved with the optimization toolbox in MATLAB.The results showed that the volume of optimized disc spring reduced by 10.2%.Based on the elastic-plastic theory and finite element method,the numerical calculation model of the disc spring was established,and the mechanical properties of disc spring before and after optimization were analyzed.The results show that the equivalent stress of optimized disc spring is reduced by 3.36%,the biggest plastic strain is reduced by 19%,the biggest positive shear stress is increased by 14.4%,the biggest negative shear stress is reduced by 44.7%.The analysis result illustrates that the disc spring optimization mathematical model is accurate,the optimization method has an important practical value for optimization design and manufacture of dish spring.
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