氮掺杂碳纳米管的制备及其应用∗

摘要

氮掺杂可以调控碳纳米管的电子结构及表面性质，以吡啶氮、吡咯氮(N-5)、石墨氮、氧化吡啶、-NO2及-NH2等形式进行掺杂的含氮官能团可提高碳纳米管的氧还原催化活性、赝电容、润湿性能及供电子特性。文章综述氮掺杂碳纳米管的3种制备方法：同步原位掺杂、碳化含氮物质、后处理，及其在氧还原反应、超级电容器和支撑材料方面的应用，并综述了不同种类含氮官能团的作用。%The electronic structure and surface character of carbon nanotube can be adj usted by nitrogen do-ping.The nitrogen groups include pyridine,pyrrole,graphitic nitrogen,oxidized pyridine,-NO2 and-NH2 ,etc., which enhance the catalytic activity of oxygen reduction,pseudo-capacitance,wettability and electron-donor property of carbon nanotubes.The preparation methods of nitrogen doped carbon nanotube,including synchronous in-situ do-ping,carbonization of nitrogen-containing materials and post-treatment are summarized.The application of nitrogen doped carbon nanotube in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR),super-capacitor and supporting materials is reviewed,as well as the role of each nitrogen group in the above mentioned fields.