生物炭及其复合材料吸附重金属离子的研究进展

摘要

生物炭作为废弃生物质在缺氧条件下热解得到的固态产物,由于其表面具有丰富的官能团及较强的吸附性能等优点而被广泛应用到重金属废水处理.近年来,众多学者将生物炭与其他材料通过物理、化学方法结合,制备出对重金属离子具有优良吸附性能的生物炭复合材料.首先介绍了生物炭及其复合材料的制备方法和基本特性,其次考察了生物炭及其复合材料对重金属离子的吸附效果及影响因素,最后阐述了生物炭及其复合材料吸附重金属离子的机制,并对生物炭及其复合材料处理重金属离子的发展方向进行了展望.%Biochar,a kind of solid matter,is generally obtained by the pyrolysis of waste biomass in the absence of oxygen.Biochar has been widely used in heavy metals treatment due to its variety of excellent properties,such as abundant functional groups and strong addsorption capacity.In recent years,many researchers attempt to prepare high-performance biochar composites in combination with other materials by physical and chemical process.In this paper,the synthetic strategies,material characteristics,adsorption capacity and effect factors of biochar and its composites are summarized and analyzed.In addition,the mechanism of heavy metals adsorption by biochar and its composites is elaborated.At last,the development prospects of biochar and its composites in the treatment of heavy metals is also prospected.