水轮机过流部件抗磨蚀涂层技术研究进展

摘要

The flow-parts of hydraulic turbine in the running process are long time subjected to cavitation erosion and abrasion from the sands in the high-speed flow,resulting in material failure and intense reduction of the operation efficiency,safety and service life of turbine.Coating on the flow-parts is one of the most effective methods to protect the hydraulic turbine from cavitation erosion and sand abrasion.The mechanism of cavitation erosion and sand abrasion,and their influencing factors are briefly explained to provide theoretical basis for the material selection and preparation technologies of coatings.Furthermore,recent research progress in coating technologies of abrasion-cavitation erosion resistance for hydraulic turbine flow-parts is reviewed,the characteristics,existing problems and improved methods of different coatings are discussed,and their development trends in the future are also pointed out.%水轮机过流部件在运行过程中,因长期受到气蚀、高速水流中泥沙等硬质颗粒的磨损等作用而产生磨蚀破坏,导致过流部件材料失效,严重影响了水轮机的运行效率、安全性和服役寿命.在过流部件表面进行涂层防护是提高水轮机抗磨蚀能力的有效方法之一.简要阐述了水轮机过流部件气蚀和泥沙磨损的机理及其影响因素,为涂层选材及制备工艺研究提供理论依据,同时综述了近年来水轮机耐磨蚀涂层技术的研究进展,评述了不同类型涂层的特点、存在的问题及改进方法,并展望了其未来的发展趋势.