304不锈钢薄壁焊管表面残余拉应力的测定及消除

摘要

Axial and tangential surface residual stresses of 304 stainless steel thin-wall welded pipe were measured by X-ray stress tester through different methods.The surface residual stress change of the alloy before and after heat treated at 950 ℃ for 30 min and water cooling was studied.The results show that the data was stable and absolute error was small by the method of Cr Kβ and radiation  2 mm collimator.There was large residual tensile stress on the surface of the 304 stainless steel thin-wall welded pipe before heat treatment.And the tangential residual stress was greater than the axial residual stress.The surface residual tensile stress changed to compressive stress after heat treatment.%利用X射线应力测定仪采用不同的条件分别测定了304不锈钢薄壁焊管的表面轴向和切向残余应力,并研究了950℃保温30min水冷热处理前后其表面残余应力的变化。结果表明：采用铬靶Kβ辐射、2mm准直管测得的残余应力数据稳定且绝对误差小;热处理前薄壁焊管表面存在较大的残余拉应力,且焊管表面切向残余应力大于轴向残余应力;热处理后,表面拉应力变为压应力。