金属材料挤压铸造成形技术的研究进展

摘要

挤压铸造技术是一种结合了铸造和塑性加工特点的短流程、高效、精确成形技术，广泛应用于机械、汽车、家电、航空、航天、国防等领域生产高性能和高精度的零件。首先简要介绍了金属材料挤压铸造成形技术的特点和历史。重点分析了液态金属压力下结晶的物理冶金行为和力学过程，此外，还总结了挤压铸造技术涉及的材料体系、挤压铸造过程的工艺参数优化、挤压铸造过程的零件成形、挤压铸造过程的数值模拟、挤压铸造成形装备研究方面的研究进展。最后展望了金属材料挤压铸造成形技术的发展重点。%Squeeze casting is a technology with short route, high efficiency, precise forming which possesses the features of casting and plastic processing. It is applied to produce high performance and high precision parts which are widely used in machinery, automobile, household, aviation, aerospace and defense. In this paper, the characteristics and history of squeeze casting are introduced briefly. Then the effect of applied pressure on the metallurgica｜ and mechanical behavior of liquid metal is analyzed. Furthermore, the research progress in the developed materials, process optimization, forming of parts, numerical simulation and equipment of squeeze casting is summarized comprehensively. Finally, the future trends of squeeze casting are presented.