金属基复合材料界面反应控制研究进展

摘要

The properties of metal matrix composites （MMCs） can be tailored by changing the matrix compositions, the shape and type of reinforcements. Among the design of MMCs, the control of interracial conditions is the key point. In this paper, the research progress on the control of MMCs interfaces has been reviewed, including the inhibition of haimful interracial reaction in Cf/Al composite and generation of self-lubricating interface in TiB2/Al composite by process control; the control of harmful interracial reactions in SiC/Al and Cf/Al composites by matrix alloying ; the obtaining of W/Cu solid solution interface. It has been proven that the process control and matrix alloying are simple, effective and low-cost methods to avoid harmful interfaces and acquire beneficial interfaces by suppressing the thermodynamics process.%金属基复合材料可以通过基体合金成分改变、增强体的形态和种类选择及工艺控制等要素获得不同的材料特性，因而具有很强的可设计性。在金属基复合材料性能设计中，界面状态的控制是核心内容。归纳了作者近几年在金属基复合材料界面控制研究方面的研究工作，包括利用工艺技术方法控制Cf／Al有害界面反应，获得TiB2／Al自润滑界面；利用基体合金化方法控制SiC／Al和Cf／Al有害界面反应，获得W／Cu固溶体界面等方面的理论与实践。研究表明，采用材料制备工艺和基体合金化等方法控制界面反应热力学和动力学过程可以实现抑制有害界面产生及获得有益界面，而且是十分简捷、有效和低成本的方法。