肿瘤靶向热疗用磁性纳米材料

摘要

Magnetic nanoparticles ( MNPs)-mediated targeted magnetic hyperthermia ( TMH) is a rapid-developing tumor therapy in vivo. Based on its curative effect, high safety and less side effects, the therapy may widely receive enormous attention in further clinical applications. However, it is rather challenging in the MNPs-based passive or active targeted hyperthermia therapy by intravenously administration in vivo and their further enhanced therapy efficacy. In this regard, several basic scientific issues and key factors, such as the improved monodispersity of MNPs and their magnetic-induced heating effect, the increased MNPs accumulation in target tissues, the synergistic hyperthermia and chemotherapy effect, the focused heat induction and the multi-modal imaging-guided precise diagnostics, should be especially considered. Here we begin our review with the goal of describing controlled synthesis and surface modification of the MNPs with high performance, and then give a discussion on current key considerations in the MNPs-mediated TMH in vivo. Its superiority and disadvantages which are to be conquered are also described here. Finally, we get a perspective for its promising therapy in future clinical application.%基于磁性纳米材料的肿瘤靶向磁感应热疗是近年来发展较快的一种肿瘤治疗手段，因其疗效确切、安全性高、副作用少，故可广泛用于临床肿瘤的治疗。但是，如何实现经静脉被动或主动靶向磁感应热疗并进一步提升治疗效果面临着重大挑战，这需要进一步提升磁性纳米颗粒的单分散性和交流磁热效应，增加靶组织或靶细胞累积、联合多靶点、多机制协同杀灭肿瘤细胞，聚焦磁感应加热以及依赖于多模成像的精确引导等，其中蕴藏的基础科学问题和关键核心技术急需突破。在介绍热疗用高性能磁性纳米材料的制备及表面修饰研究概况的基础上，对肿瘤靶向磁感应热疗当前的研究进展与技术发展的关键点进行探讨，阐述了其优点和需要解决的问题，并对其未来的发展前景做了展望。