三元共晶凝固过程涉及三个固相在同一液相中的竞争形核和协作生长,可以形成丰富多样的凝固组织,对发展原位复合材料制备技术和研究自发模式形成现象都具有重要的意义.空间环境中的微重力和无容器效应消除了重力引起的对流、 沉降以及器壁引起的异质形核,为深入研究非平衡快速凝固规律提供了理想的实验条件.由于空间实验机会十分难得,人们发展了自由落体、 悬浮、 抛物飞行、 探空火箭等多种空间环境的地面模拟方法,部分的或一定程度的实现空间的微重力和无容器效应.对国内外采用浸浮净化、 落管、 超声悬浮等地面模拟方法开展的三元共晶合金凝固研究工作进行了综述,并对未来发展趋势进行了展望.%The solidification of ternary eutectic alloys involves competitive nucleation and cooperative growth of three solid phases in the same mother liquid phase, which generates plenty of microstructural morphologies.This is of importance for the methodological exploration of in situ composite material preparation as well as theoretical study of pattern formation phenomena. The microgravity effect and containerless state in space environment eliminate the convection and buoyancy induced by gravity,and avoid the heterogeneous nucleation originated from container walls, providing an ideal experimental condition for rapid solidification of metastable melts.Because of the extremely rare opportunity for space experiment, various ground based approaches (e.g.free fall, levitation, parabolic flight, and sounding rocket) are developed to achieve the microgravity and containerless effects to a certain degree .This paper reviews the recent progress of ternary eutectic solidification researches that are performed with ground simulation methods such as glass fluxing, drop tube, and acoustic levitation.The prospective developing trends are also discussed.
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