钠离子电池合金类负极材料的研究进展

摘要

钠离子电池由于具有钠资源丰富、价格低廉等特点,逐渐成为大规模储能领域的研究热点.而负极材料作为钠离子电池的重要组成部分,对电池性能有着直接的影响.在目前所研究的负极材料中,合金类负极材料由于具有较高的理论比容量而受到了人们的广泛关注.但是在反应过程中,合金类材料面临着严重的体积膨胀问题,循环稳定性差,这制约了其发展.研究者通过包覆、纳米化、与其他金属复合等方法大大改善了合金类材料的循环性能.简介了合金类储钠负极材料Sn、Sb、P、Ge、Bi、Pb和Si的反应机理及研究进展,探讨了合金类负极材料所面临的问题和解决办法,并对合金类负极材料的发展方向进行了展望.%Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted wide attention in the field of large-scale energy storage systems because of the extensive sources and low cost of sodium compounds.Anode materials have a great influence on the performance of batteries.Amongst various anode materials,alloy anode materials have caused extensive concern due to high capacity.However,the poor cycling stability resulting from severe volume expansion during charging and discharging hinders the development of alloy anode materials.Recently,the cycling stability of alloy materials has been greatly enhanced by coating,nanosizing or intermetallics.In this paper,we briefly review the reaction mechanism and research progress of Sn,Sb,P,Ge,Bi,Pb and Si materials alloying with sodium,discuss the problems of the alloy materials and the ways to solve them.Finally,we prospect the future development tendency of alloy anode materials for sodium-ion batteries.