太空增材制造的技术需求和应用模式探索

摘要

太空增材制造技术在地面和在轨设施制造、空间补给保障、减少运输和备件数量、应对突发状况和促进深空探索等方面均显现出了明显优势,对太空增材制造技术的应用需求和应用模式进行了分析和探讨.通过对现有太空增材制造技术发展现状、技术规划和潜在前景的调研和讨论,结合我国空间站和太空探索的实际需求,将太空增材制造技术的应用环境划分为地表制造、在轨制造(空间舱内环境、在轨原位环境)和行星表面环境.根据每种应用环境的特定条件详细探讨了太空增材制造技术在空间领域的各类潜在可行的应用模式,并对每种应用模式的现状和关键技术进行了详细分析.此外,对国内外太空增材制造技术的研究进展进行了简要描述,对太空增材制造技术的关键技术进行了分析,为我国太空增材制造技术的未来发展路径提供参考.%Additive manufacturing (AM) in space has shown obvious advantages in several fields such as on-ground or in-situ manufacturing,space supplies,reducing spares and transportation,emergency response as well as promoting deep space exploration.This paper analyzes and discusses the application requirements and modes of the space AM.Based on the investigation of the current situation,technical plans and the potential development of space AM,this paper defines the space AM application environments into three categories: on ground,in-situ (in cabin and in orbit) and planet surface,combined with the actual requirements of China`s space station and deep exploration.The detailed analysis of all potential application modes of space AM in each environment category is carried out.In addition,the research progress of space AM is described in brief and the key technologies are analyzed in detail,in order to provide important reference for the development route of space AM.