自然界中很多动物,如壁虎、甲虫和树蛙等,主要利用可逆的黏附力在各种表面爬行.研究发现这些动物脚趾上的特殊微纳柱状结构(刚毛、平滑结构等)起到了至关重要的作用.一方面,这些微纳柱状结构及其精细亚结构保证了动物脚趾能与接触表面形成很多有效接触点,从而形成足够强的黏附力.产生的黏附力甚至可达动物体重的200倍.另一方面,这些微纳结构又可以保证动物能从黏附的表面迅速脱离.这种黏附能力依赖于结构而非接触材料的表面化学组成的特性,具有极高的科研价值和应用前景.%Many animals ( gecko, beetle, tree frog, etc. ) can climb on various substrates by reversible adhesion forces, which are determined by the microano-pillar structures ( seta, smooth pad, etc. ) on their toe pads. On the one hand, the mircoano-pillars with fine sub-structures ensure numerous effective contact points between the toe pad and the substrate, forming tremendous adhesion forces as high as 200 times of animal's body weight. On the other hand, the fine structures of mircoano-pillars also ensure the effective detachment from the adhering substrate. The adhesion abilities, relying on the fine structures rather than the surface chemistry, arise great scientific interests and widely potential applications.
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