珊瑚礁环境质量变化的价值评估--以涠洲岛为例

摘要

This paper took Weizhou Island as the study area, and analyzed value profit and loss for environment quality changes of coral reef. In 2012, on the Weizhou Island, tourist investigation was conducted through simulating three kinds of environment quality changes of coral reef. We sent out questionnaires to 300 tourists, and received 900 effective responses. Regarding those tourists, their touring sites were decided on the basis of such three aspects affecting environment quality of coral reefs as the coverage of coral reef, the species diversity of coral reef and the visibility of sea water. Analysis and evaluation applied the theory of random effects and the mixed logarithmic model. The result showed that people would get an annual average profit of 399 Yuan per capita as the environment quality of the Weizhou Island rose., and suffer an annual average loss of 561 Yuan per capita as the environment quality of the Weizhou Island deteriorated slightly, and loss of 918 Yuan as the island deteriorated severely. The result of study can be used for valuating the environment quality changes of other islands or land, and assessing loss of coral reef ecosystem in the changes of climate in the future.%以涠洲岛为例，使用非市场价值评估手段对涠洲岛珊瑚礁环境质量进行了非使用价值评估，分析了珊瑚礁环境质量变化所产生的价值损益。2012年在涠洲岛通过模拟3种珊瑚礁环境质量变化，对上岛游客进行调访，游客从影响珊瑚礁环境质量的珊瑚礁覆盖度、珊瑚礁种类以及海水能见度3方面进行考虑，选择最终旅游目的地，共调查300位游客，收集有效数据900份。应用随机效应理论和混合对数模型进行分析和评估，结果显示，当涠洲岛珊瑚礁环境质量提升时，将会人均获益399元/年；当涠洲岛珊瑚礁环境质量略有下降时，将会损失人均561元/年；而当珊瑚礁环境质量下降较大时，人均损失将达到918元/年。同时，本研究的成果可以推广到其它海岛以及陆地进行环境质量变化评估，并且可以评估未来气候变化条件下对珊瑚礁生态系统的价值损失。