辽东湾6月鱼类的种类组成及空间分布

摘要

利用2007年6月和2008年6月的底拖网调查数据,采用聚类分析和相对重要性指数,分析了辽东湾鱼类群落的种类组成及空间分布特征.结果表明,调查共计捕获鱼类24种,隶属于5目22科24属.2007年优势种为小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)和矛尾鰕虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias),2008年为小黄鱼和短吻红舌鳎(Cynoglossus joyneri),小黄鱼在两个年份均占据第一优势地位.聚类分析和SIMPER分析表明,2007年6月鱼类群落在空间上可分为3组,对组间相异性贡献较高的分歧种为小黄鱼、黄鲫(Setipinna taty)、矛尾鰕虎鱼、短吻红舌鳎、叫姑鱼(Johnius belengeri)、方氏云鳚(Enedrias fangi)、长绵鳚(Zoarces elongatus)、大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)、许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegeli)等;2008年6月可分为3个组,对组间相异性贡献较高的分歧种为小黄鱼、黄鲫、短吻红舌鳎、李氏(鱼衔)(Repomucenus richardsoni)、矛尾鰕虎鱼、长绵鳚、斑纹狮子鱼(Liparis zonatus)、银鲳(Pampus argenteus)和鲡(Platycephalusindicus)等.聚类结果按照地域空间可分为辽东湾北部、中部和西南部,且两个年度6月均表现为辽东湾北部生物量最高,而多样性最低.辽东湾北部水域邻近河口,是鱼类理想的产卵场和保育场,故6月该区域生物量最高.聚类结果表明辽东湾水域6月鱼类的种类组成相对稳定,鱼类的繁殖栖息习性和辽东湾水域不同区域的环境影响着鱼类的种类组成及其空间分布.%Based on the bottom trawl investigation data in June of 2007 and 2008,the composition of fish species and spatial distribution characteristics in the Liaodong Bay were studied by clustering analysis and the index of relative importance(IRI).The results showed that from 2007 to 2008,a total of 24 species were collected,belonging to 24 genera from 22 families in 5 orders.The dominant species with IRI value ≥ 1 000 were Larimichthys polyactis and Chaeturichthys stigmatias,found in June of 2007,and Larimichthys polyactis and Cynoglossus joyneri in 2008,while Larimichthys polyactis was the top species with the largest number in both 2007 and 2008.By the hierarchical clustering analysis,the 2007 collected fish communities could be clustered into three groups and the 2008 collected ones were also clusted into three groups.By SIMPER analysis,Larimichthys polyactis,Setipinna taty,Konosirus punctatus,Chaeturichthys stigmatias,Cynoglossus joyneri,Johnius belengeri,Enedrias fangi,Zoarces elongates,Hexagrammos otakii and Sebastes schlegeli were the highly distributed species to the group dissimilarity in 2007,and Larimichthys polyactis,Setipinna taty,Cynoglossus joyneri,Repomucenus richardsoni,Chaeturichthys stigmatias,Zoarces elongates,Liparis zonatus,Pampus argenteus,and Platycephalus indicus were the ones in 2008.According to the geographical space separted by the clustering anslysis,the Liaodong Bay could be divided into three sections,including the north of Liaodong Bay,the central part and the southwest of Liaodong Bay.The north of Liaodong Bay was characterized by the highest biomass and the lowest Shannon-Wiener index(H') in both 2007 and 2008.The north of Liaodong Bay where is close to the estuary is the ideal spawning and nursery ground for fishes,so the biomass of fish community here is higher than that of the other two regions.The clustering analysis results show that the species composition of fish in the Liaodong Bay in June is relatively stable.And the species compostion and spatial distribution are influenced by the habit of breeding and habitation as well as the environment in different regions of the Liaodong Bay.