分别应用红外热像仪测温技术和激光测距技术对机床温度场和机床热误差开展研究.着重分析三轴卧式数控机床的温度场分布、机床运行中的热行为以及两者之间的联系.经试验发现,主轴热误差是数控机床的主要误差源之一,主轴热误差与机床运行中的温度分布有紧密联系,主轴各方向变形量呈现出随主轴温度升高而明显增大趋势,并且主轴Z方向的伸长量远大于X和Y向的变形量.提出通过改善冷却和散热条件而降低主轴温度,以达到有效控制主轴热误差以及建立热变形补偿模型实施补偿等措施,经验证热变形改善效果明显.%Research on the thermal field and thermal errors of NC machine tools using infrared imaging technology and laser distance measurement technology has been carried on. It has been mainly focused on the analysis of thermal field distribution of a three-axis horizontal machining centre and its operating thermal behaviour and their relationships. It was found experimentally that spindle thermal errors is one of the main sources of NC machine tools errors, and thermal error in machine tools spindle has been observed to be closely linked to the temperature distribution of machine tools. There was a significant increase in the axis positioning error related to the temperature increasing of spindle. And the elongations on Z axial direction are much larger than the extensions of X and Y axial directions. Methods are provided by improving disperse dispersion and cooling condition and by taking thermal drift compensation to control spindle thermal errors, it is proved the thermal errors compensation and control are significant.
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