手控交会对接中操作者的情境意识和脑力负荷研究

摘要

The aim of the study is to investigate the difference of operator ’ s situation awareness and mental workload under different task difficulties and skill levels .The major task of the experiment is manually controlled rendezvous and docking ( MCRVD) operation.Fifteen beginner level partici-pants and twelve expert level participants were recruited .Each participant performed 6 operation u-nits including 3 low and 3 high task difficulty units .Each participant filled in a SART subjective scale and a NASA-TLX subjective scale .The results showed that operator ’ s concentration in high task difficulty unit was significantly higher than that in low task difficulty unit ( P<0.05 ) .The level of vigilance and the degree of obtaining and understanding information of expert level operator was significantly higher than that of beginner level operator ( P=0.001 and P<0.001 ) .Operator ’ s mental demand in high task difficulty unit was significantly higher than that in low task difficulty unit ( P=0.001 ) .Mental demand and time pressure of expert level operator was significantly lower than that of beginner level operator(P=0.001 and P<0.001).The conclusion of this research could be taken as theoretical reference for the design and evaluation of MCRVD training .%为探究不同任务难度和技能水平下志愿者的情境意识水平和脑力负荷差异，以手控交会对接操作为主任务，招募了15名初学者水平志愿者和12名专家水平志愿者进行实验，每名志愿者进行6次手控交会对接操作，包含3次低任务难度操作和3次高任务难度操作，每次操作完成后填写SART主观量表和NASA-TLX主观量表。研究结果表明：高任务难度操作中操作者的注意集中程度显著高于低任务难度（ P＜0.05）；专家水平操作者的警觉水平和对信息的获取和理解水平显著高于初学者水平操作者（ P＝0.001和P＜0.001）；高任务难度操作中操作者在脑力需求方面的负荷显著高于低任务难度（ P＝0.001）；专家水平操作者在脑力需求和时间压力方面的负荷显著低于初学者水平操作者（ P＝0.001和P＜0.001）。研究结果可为航天员手控交会对接训练设计及评价提供理论参考。