月尘特性与模拟月尘研制现状

摘要

月尘问题是人类探测月球过程中需要克服的关键问题之一,研究月尘特性和研制模拟月尘是了解月球环境、解决月尘问题的有效途径. 受月球空间环境影响,月尘具有许多独特的性质. 为此,总结和阐述了月尘的几何特性、化学特性、物理特性和力学特性. 根据月尘的基本性质,各种类型的模拟月尘被研制出来,其中重点介绍了NASA研制的JSC 月海系列和NU-LHT高地系列模拟月尘的制备方法和性质. 高质量的模拟月尘可以应用于表面活化、荷电特性、漂浮特性、附着特性、防除尘技术、资源提取等多个研究领域,为进一步探索月球提供必要的技术储备.%Lunar dust problem is one of the key problems need to be solved for the future lunar exploration projects.Researching on the properties of lunar dust and its simulants can help to understand lunar dusty environment as well as to solve those particle-induced problems.Affected by the complicated space environment, fine powder on the moon displays unique characters in-cluding the geometrical feature, the chemical property, the physical property, and the mechani-cal behavior.Based on its fundamental properties, various types of lunar dust simulants have been prepared.This paper mainly introduced the NASA' s JSC mare and the NU-LHT highland lunar dust simulants.High quality lunar dust simulants can be applied to several research fields, such as surface activation, charging, floating, adhesion, dust prevention or removal techniques, resource extraction, etc.All these would provide technical support and promote the future lunar exploration to some extent.