During manned spaceflight, the astronauts floating inside a spacecraft must master the skill of orienting themselves in a random body orientation according to the visual cues. However, conducting spatial orientation training in mockups on the ground is difficult to realize, a VR based training method was proposed. A virtual scene of the LAB module and CORE module ere established and the training strategies for spatial orientation were set up. Experimental results show that the trainees� performance in orientation and spatial memory tasks is significantly improved in both mod⁃ules with different number of visual cues. The training method can help to establish hierarchical spa⁃tial knowledge and cognitive structures of the training modules.%在失重环境下航天员常常以任意的身体姿态漂浮，依赖视觉线索定向便成为舱内航天员必须掌握的生存技能。针对在地面实物模拟器内难以开展空间定向训练的问题，提出了一套基于虚拟现实技术的空间定向训练方法。该方法以虚拟实验舱和核心舱为训练场景，提供三维空间记忆与定向策略，帮助航天员学习任意视角下定向的技能。实验结果表明，在具有不同视觉垂向信息量的舱段内，该方法均能够明显提高定向任务绩效，所提供的空间记忆策略有助于构建具有层次性的空间知识结构，多姿态定向训练能够帮助航天员建立清晰完整的舱内三维结构认知图。
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