考虑制退液空化的火炮制退机复进液压阻力计算

摘要

The traditional recoil theory generally supposed that the vacuum was existed in the non-working chamber of recoil brake at the end of recoiling,and the gun counter-recoil calculation result based on the hypothesis were discrepant with the test results.The recoil oil cavitation effect at recoiling of gun was researched,and the counter calculating method of hydraulic resistant taking recoil oil cavitation into account was considered by using measures of cavitation test and pressure test in non-working chamber of recoil brake.The research results show that the recoil oil cavities are produced drastically in recoiling course of the gun,and the non-working chamber of recoil brake is full of recoil oil foam at the end of recoiling,instead of no vacuum is existed.The non-working chamber of recoil brake does not offer counter hydraulic resistance,for the recoil oil bubbles collapse gradually during counter-recoiling.The traditional theory calculating method can cause overrate of the counter-recoil hydraulic resistance of recoil brake.When taking effect of recoil oil cavitation into account,the calculated counter-recoiling hydraulic resistance work of recoil brake is 4.5％ less than traditional theoretical value,and the maximum counter-recoiling velocity of the gun is 10.5％ greater than traditional theoretical value.The conclusions provide a reference for the reasonable design and fault diagnosis of recoil brake.%传统反后坐理论假设火炮后坐结束时制退机非工作腔内有真空段,基于该假设的火炮复进计算结果与实测结果有一定差异.以制退机非工作腔空化试验和压力试验为手段,研究了火炮后坐时制退液的空化现象及考虑制退液空化时制退机复进液压阻力的计算方法.研究结果表明:制退液在火炮后坐时发生了剧烈空化,后坐结束时制退机非工作腔内充满制退液空化泡,并不存在真空段.制退液空化泡是在复进过程中逐渐溃灭的,制退机非工作腔几乎不提供复进液压阻力.采用传统理论计算方法会导致对制退机复进液压阻力的高估.考虑制退液空化效应时,计算出的制退机复进液压阻力功比传统理论值小4.5％,火炮最大复进速度比传统理论值大10.5％.该结论为制退机的合理设计与故障诊断提供了参考.