基于有限元方法的环境温度对机床热变形的影响

摘要

By taking XK5034 vertical milling machine as the research object,finite element analysis (FEA)of thermal charac-teristics was carried out through the ANSYS software. The temperature field obtained from the FEA was proved by the actual tempera-ture field obtained from the thermal imager,which discovered that the temperature by FEA was basically same with that from actual measurement. On the basis of this,thermal deformation of the front of spindle was analyzed emphatically under different rotational speed and different environment temperature. The results show that along with increasing of the spindle rotational speed and environ-mental temperature,thermal deformation of the front of spindle is increased. There is an inflexion point appeared when the environment temperature is at 25 ℃,in the deformation of the front of spindle caused in environment. When the environment temperature is less than 25 ℃,deformation caused by environment temperature has a small relatively impact on the front of spindle. When environment temperature exceeds 25 ℃,the thermal deformation is relatively larger.%以XK5034立式铣床为研究对象，通过ANSYS软件对其热特性进行了有限元分析，将分析得到的温度场与热成像仪实际测量的温度场进行验证，发现有限元分析的温度场与实际测量的基本吻合。在此基础上重点分析了主轴前端在不同转速和不同环境温度下的热变形，结果表明：随着主轴转速和环境温度的升高，主轴前端热变形增大；环境温度对主轴前端引起的变形在25℃出现拐点，当环境温度小于25℃，环境温度对主轴前端变形影响较小，当环境温度超过25℃，主轴前端热变形较大。