基于声音信号Teager能量算子解调的轮对轴承故障检测

摘要

Teager能量算子追踪并计算信号的瞬时能量,在检测信号冲击特征方面具有独特优势,已广泛运用于轴承的故障检测,但尚未见其在列车轮对轴承声音信号分析中的运用.为此,提出一种基于Teager能量算子解调的轮对轴承故障检测方案,首先介绍Teager能量算子的概念及解调原理,利用该方法对型号为197726TN的轮对故障轴承服役过程中采集的声音信号进行分析,通过Teager能量算子解调得到信号的瞬时能量波形,再对其进行包络谱分析得到包络谱,进行轴承故障识别.与常规的Hilbert解调方法对比,可知Teager能量算子解调法能更加有效地突显故障信号特征并确定故障类型,其在轮对轴承声音信号故障检测上的优势得到验证.%Teager energy operator has been widely used in the detection of bearing faults.It tracks and analyzes the instantaneous energy and has a unique advantage in detecting impulses in a signal.However,its applications to sound signals of the train wheel bear-ings have not seen many reports.As such, a scheme of fault diagnosis detection of rolling bearing using demodulation is introduced based on the Teager energy operator.First of all,the concept and demodulation principle of Teager energy operator were presented.And then the sound signals collected from 197726TN wheel bearings of running trains were analyzed.The spectrum was thus obtained from the resulted instantaneous energy waveform,which envelop was analyzed and obtained,and the bearing health condition could be readi-ly determined.The comparison with Hilbert transform envelope demodulation was highlighted that Teager energy operator demodulation could reveal the characteristics of fault signal and determine the fault type much effectively.The effectiveness and merit of the method is verified by the analysis of field data of sound signals in wheel bearings.