书目分类既是对文献世界的整序，也是对文献背后知识本体的界定以及对知识结构的全面规划。近代书目分类的发展大致经历了：在传统四部框架内容纳西学书籍，增补四部书目类别以统摄西书，西书独立编目，中西书籍分列于一编，以中学为主建构统一分类体系，以西学为主建构统一分类体系等变化；它们大致对应于“西学中源”、“中体西用”、“中西异学”、“学无中西”、“西体中用”等学术理念。而总体上，中国近代书目的历史演进与对传统知识分类的逐步清算以及对知识体系的西方化重建相同步。%Bibliography classiifcation is not only the order of literature, but also the deifnition of knowledge ontology behind the document and the overall planning of knowledge structure. The development of modern bibliography classiifcation approximately experienced:(1) accommodating Western books in traditional four-part framework. (2) supplement four-part system to govern Western books.(3) independent cataloging on Western books.(4) Chinese and Western books particularized in one compilement.(5) constructing unified classification system meanly with East learning. (6) constructing unified classiifcation system meanly with Western learning, etc. They approximately correspond to“Western learning being used in China” “Westernized Chinese style” “ Chinese and Western different study” “no difference between Chinese learning and Western learning”“use the West for China”etc. Overall, the historical evolution of Chinese modern bibliography is in accordance with the gradually liquidation of traditional knowledge and the Westernized reconstruction of knowledge system.
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